A review on the impact of energy drink consumption on heart rate and blood pressure in healthy individuals

Abstract

This systematic review evaluated the impact of energy drinks (EDs) consumption on heart rate and blood pressure in healthy individuals. The prevalence of EDs ingestion has substantially increased across the population both locally and worldwide, thus the various studies of the haemodynamic effects, mainly blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Multiple components of EDs include caffeine, natural and artificial sugars, taurine, herbals and other, were proven as contributors to the effects said, in accord to the literatures. This coherent review aims to gather the recent evidence from the year of 2018 up until 2025, on the short-term effects of EDs towards the haemodynamic and physiological responses, namely SBP, DBP and HR. It is done to highlight the consistency across the findings made previously and to reveal the grounds of differences that exists. Studies published in between 2018 until 2025 were collected from diverse databases, of including PubMed, Web of science, Scopus and many others. The studies comprise of either randomized, crossover or observational outcomes on cardiovascular system upon intake of EDs. Data of BP, HR, other related cardiovascular parameters, sample characteristics, EDs contents were observed, Cardiovascular effects from EDs consumption may differ across populations according to its formulations.